Drug Effects on the Community - 2716 Words

Do people ever think about the consequences about drug abuse? Not many of us do but we all know what it does to us. Drugs are harmful to the brain and the body system itself; they affect the heart in many ways and because of that people become unconscious as to what their actions are. They do not realize how badly they can harm the community around them. Drugs are normally used by those who are not involved in activities such as, religious clubs, sports, etc. The users are normally stressed out with life and at times they just need something to set their minds aside from problems which occur in their everyday life. There are many reasons as to why and how drugs affect the community around the drug user however; there are also reasons†¦show more content†¦They believe in taking risks and trying new things because they are interested in what it does to them and how. Teenagers arent aware at all times about the drug and how it can affect the body but they are aware of th e fact that it is harmful. Adolescents try things because they think that since their friends are doing it, it is cool to be like them because they assume that drugs make us feel good about ourselves. They believe it reduces stress however it is hard to keep a teenager away from testing such things because this is the time where they ask for their independence. Teenagers are likely to get involved with drugs if they have a history of drug abuse, if they are depressed, if they have a low self-esteem, and if they are left out of groups or clubs which make them feel unwanted. These types of acts should be avoided and the teenager should join all the clubs and/or groups they possibly can so they can stay out of deviance. The teenagers themselves are always the drug users; the parents of the child can be abusing him/her with the use of drugs and is not willing to seek help for it. They believe that being the parent has no influence on the child if they smoke because in school the ch ild is learning not to. However, the child is influenced by the parent more than anyone else that is in contact with them. It is hard to take someone away from that type of mentality that just because theirShow MoreRelatedDrug Use And Its Effects On The Community1474 Words   |  6 PagesDrug use doe not only affect the users but also have a devastating effect on the wider community as a whole. This includes their friends, families, government resources and businesses. Economically, when the effects are quantified an estimated $180.9 billion is lost annually due to drug use as reported by ONDCP in 2002. Drug abusers experience several severe health effects ranging from ill-health, general sickness to death. Different drugs used by an individual has different health effects suchRead MoreEssay about Drug Effects on the Community2658 Words   |  11 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Do people ever think about the consequences about drug abuse? Not many of us do but we all know what it does to us. Drugs are harmful to the brain and the body system itself; they affect the heart in many ways and because of that people become unconscious as to what their actions are. They do not realize how badly they can harm the community around them. Drugs are normally used by those who are not involved in activities such as, religious clubs, sports, etc. The usersRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On Children, Families And Communities3276 Words   |  14 PagesThe War on Drugs has led to an increase in the mass incarceration of people of color and minorities, which is a problem in the United St ates. In the past thirty years, the number of females jailed across the country, many of whom are poor with mental health and drug problems. The increase in the incarceration of females has had a devastating impact on their children, families and communities. This paper will describe the authors of Upper Bunkies Unit and Orange Is the New Black who wrote theirRead MoreThe Social Effect of Dangerous Drugs on Communities and the Criminal Justice System1838 Words   |  8 PagesWhat are the social effect of dangerous drugs on communities and the criminal justice system? We as a society have this ability to have to label all things, good and bad. If we didn’t we wouldn’t be able to live with ourselves. I am just joking, what I really mean, is all we hear in the news or read in the paper is how screwed up society really is. How bad the drug problem is. Well first, what are Dangerous Drugs? Drugs are chemicals that change the way a person’s body works. You’ve probably heardRead MorePolice Detection On The Drug Side Effect Network Using Walktrap Community Detection Algorithm1426 Words   |  6 Pages 3.6 Community detection Figure 9. Community detection on the drug side-effect network using walktrap community detection algorithm. There were 61 communities detected in the network with the largest community consists of 35 drugs and smallest ones consist of only two drugs. As a result of using walktrap community detection algorithm, there were 61 communities detected altogether. The biggest community consists of 35 drugs and the smallest ones consist of two drugs. 4 Discussion 4.1 ImprovementRead MoreThe Signs Of Addiction And Addiction898 Words   |  4 Pages Families can do different things that can help with addiction. According to Alcohol and Drug Abuse Affects Everyone in the Family (2015), families can learn the facts about drugs and addiction so they can know what to expect. The family needs to make sure they get help for themselves other than getting help for the addicted person, but also learn what they can do to help the addicted family member. They would maybe need to get a family intervention and always look for a long term recovery. The familyRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse1298 Words   |  5 PagesPrescription drugs are being taken for reasons other than the ones they are being prescribed for, fueling an addiction that impacts as many as 48 million Americans (Prescription Drug Abuse WebMD). According to MedLinePlus, an estimated 20 percent of people in the United States have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons. This is prescrip tion drug abuse. While a considerable amount of time, resources, and attention are focused on the problems associated with illicit drugs, prescription drug abuseRead MoreThe Movie The Wolf On Wall Street Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesDaring to Defy Drug Abuse If you have ever seen the movie The Wolf on Wall Street, there is no doubt you have seen the effects drugs can have. Leonardo DiCaprio portrays a high-strung stock broker reliant on a multitude of illegal drugs to keep up with his hectic life style. His addiction gets so severe that at one point in the movie, he is lying on the floor, unable to move due to the drugs’ effects on his body. Even though the movie is set in the 90’s, a decade infamous for its use of drugs, today, drugRead MoreThe Needle Exchange Program And Methadone Clinics Promote Public Health902 Words   |  4 Pagesclinics promote the abuse of drugs. The harm reduction approach intends to treat and educate addicts in hopes they will stop the abuse and decrease the rate of disease. Not all drug addicts are criminals, and those who are not criminals may actually have a â€Å"true† addiction or illness. Instead of criminally charging those individuals, the policy is trying to connect with them to g et the actual help they need. For years now, the United States has attempted to ban such drug use with no success. The governmentRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Mass Incarceration Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The War on Drugs and Mass Incarceration have been two very well-known topics of society. While these have taken place during the Cold War, there is still a continuance in them today. The impact that has been left on society from these issues have stuck around, while mass incarceration is still of talk today. War on Drugs The War on Drugs not only has many acts that have been in place due to it, but there has been a domino effect with other topics. The War on Drugs has become a complicated

The Declaration of Independence and the Struggle for...

â€Å"The Declaration of Independence and the Struggle for Equality DBQ† â€Å"In what way and to what extent does the Declaration of Independence serve as a benchmark for the actions of disenfranchised or otherwise oppressed citizens of the United States of America?† The Declaration of Independence, since July 4th, 1776, has continued to always become a guideline to protect those who are oppressed. â€Å"We hold these Truths to be self-evident, â€Å"that all Men are created equal,† that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,†Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc. A) sets the standards on what the United States of America is all about; equality. From the Report of American Horse by D.F. Royer on November 27, 1890 to the â€Å"Reminder Day† for Homosexual Rights on†¦show more content†¦Franklin continues to support the fact that â€Å"All Men are Created Equal† in the Declaration of Independence even after eleven years prior to the signing. Owen Brown, writer of the Declaration of Liberty on July 4, 1859 even states, â€Å"That No Man had any right to deprive his fellow Man, of these Inherent rights, except in punishment of Crime.† He then continues to go on with, â€Å"The history of Slavery in the United States, is a history of injustice Cruelties inflicted upon the Slave in every conceivable way, in barbarity not surpassed by the most Savage Tribes.† (Doc. D). Both Owen Brown and Benjamin Franklin both agree that if â€Å"All Men are Created Equal† (Doc. A), then slavery must go. It has become a savage and cruel part of our history and is hypocritical otherwise. It is amazing that even after eighty years, the United States Declaration of Independence continues to anchor its way to current politics. Even after almost 120 years later, people like D.F. Royer still use the Declaration of Independence as the foundation of why the Declaration of Independence still protects people. â€Å"The Great Father says if we do what he directs it will be to our benefit but ins tead of this they are every year cutting down our rations and we do not get enough to keep us from suffering.† (Doc. E). D.F. Royer

Essay on Canadian Morality and the Law Example For Students

Essay on Canadian Morality and the Law In legal theory, there is a great debate over whether or not law should be used to enforce morality.   The sides of the debate can be presented as a continuum.   At one end, there is the libertarian view, which holds that morality is an individual belief and that the state should not interfere in the affairs of the individual.   According to this view, a democracy cannot limit or enforce morality.  Ã‚   At the other end, there is the communitarian position, which justifies the community as a whole deciding what moral values are, and hence justifies using the law to enforce community values.   For libertarians, judges should play a prominent role in limiting the state, while for communitarians, judges should have as small a role as possible.   In between these two extremes sit the liberal egalitarians, who attempt to reconcile democratic decision-making about moral values with liberalism.   The problem is made more complex when one considers that both law and morality ar e contested concepts.   Two recent cases where this continuum can be illustrated are Canada vs. Mossap, and Egan vs. Canada.   In this essay, I will attempt to explore some of the issues produced in these two cases.   I will begin with a summary each case, followed by an analysis of the major themes involved.   I will then place the issues in a larger, democratic framework, and explore the role of law in enforcing morality in a democracy.   I will then prove how the communitarian position as articulated by Patrick Devlin supports the decisions given in Mossap and Egan, and how even the great proponents of libertarianism Mill and von Hayek would agree that the decisions were just.   A conclusion will then follow. The case of Canada (Attorney General) vs. Mossap arose when a gay federal government employee applied for bereavement leave when his lovers father died.   The collective agreement between the government and Mossaps union afford bereavement leave only in the case of the death of Mossaps immediate family.   Although this definition included a common-law spouse, it precluded members of the opposite sex.   Mossap, who argued that he was being unfairly discriminated against, filed a complaint with the Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC).   The CHRC agreed, and ordered that he be given bereavement leave and that the collective agreement be restated to include persons of the same sex.   The government appealed this decision and the case was brought before the Supreme Court.   The Supreme Could held that the family status provision in the Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA) was meant to uphold an implicit legal interpretation which excluded homosexuals from anti-discriminatory p rotection.   In his decision, Judge Lamer argued that the CHRA had been amended in 1983 to include the family status provision, and if the CHRA had meant it to include homosexuals, they would have made it explicit then.   Instead, according to Lamer, Parliament (through the CHRA) had a clear intent to not extend anyone protection from discrimination based on sexual orientation .   Since the legislature had not willed it, Lamer did not feel it was appropriate to amend it.   But the decision was not unanimous.   Judge LHeureux-Dube, representing the voice of dissent, argued that the majority decision went against the spirit of the law, since (in her opinion) the purpose of the Act was to ensure that people have an equal opportunity to make for themselves the life that they are able and wish to have without being hindered by discrimintatory practices .   Based on this interpretation, she argued that families had changed radically in past decades; that single parents, common -law partners, adoptive parents, and other non-nuclear family units have all since been included in anti-discriminatory legislation.  Ã‚   As a result, she argued that traditional interpretation of family did not apply in this case, and that the family status provision did include homosexuals, since homosexual partners could exhibit all the features necessary to constitute a family unit. In a similar case, Egan vs. Canada, the Supreme court also upheld the constitutional validity of a law that discriminated against homosexuals.   The appellants, James Egan and John Norris Nesbit, were homosexuals and had lived together for nearly 50 years.   When Nesbit turned 60, he applied for spousal allowance afforded to spouses of old age pensioners, as given in Act 19 of the Old Age Security Act, but was denied.   Nesbit claimed that the Act contravened Section 15 of the charter since it discriminated on the basis of sexual orientation. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court where Egan and Nesbits appeal was dismissed.   The judge, J La Forest, based his decision on reasoning similar to the Mossap verdict.   He argued that when Parliament enacted the Old Age Security Act, it had in mind the common understanding of married couples.   In recognition of changing social realities, the act was later amended so that the term spouse also included couples in a commo n-law marriage.   Based on the amendment, La Forest argued that the government did not mean for the Old Age Security Act to apply to homosexual partners, otherwise they would have made an amendment for it.   He admitted that the Old Age Security Act is discriminatory, but considered this discrimination acceptable, since none of the couples excluded are capable of meeting the fundamental social objectives intended by the act.   In this way, La Forest felt he was upholding both the letter and the democratic spirit behind the law. An analysis of the verdicts in Mossap and Egan reveal two common themes.   On a technical level, both cases dealt with the same issue:   How does the law understand family and marital relationships?   In both cases, the appellants argued that defining these terms according to heterosexuality was discriminatory against gays and lesbians.   The overarching issue, however, was much more complex.   It calls into question the role of law in enforcing morality.   In both cases, the majority decisions seem to argue along communitarian lines:   That the law should be made by the legislature (which represents the people), and that once it is made, the judiciary has no right to interfere.   In rejecting the view that law should be used to enforce morality, the judges in Mossap and Egan are also making a statement about the nature of democracy itself.   Our answer to the main question Should law be used to enforce morality is of particular significance in a democracy.   De mocracies are meant to produce governments that embody the will of the people.   In authoritarian regimes, for example, it is usually taken for granted that the ruler imposes morality from above.   In such systems, the Sovereign is the law.1   But the difficulty in answering What is the legitimate role of law in enforcing morality in a democracy is two fold:   We must first identify which conception of the law the judges in Mossap and Egan uphold; and second, we must identify the proper relationship between law and morality in a democratic context. Australian Family Law EssayMy position would be strongly opposed by the Libertarian camp.   In the 19th century, J.S. Mill wrote On Liberty, in which he articulated the Libertarian position.   For Mill, the aim of democracy is to uphold the autonomy of the individual.   He maintains that a government must always guarantee the civil liberty of its citizens and their protection against interference by any abusive authority.   F.A von Hayek argues along similar lines.   He articulates the Rule of Law, which demands that the state should enact laws that are fixed and apply to general situations.   This enables individuals to predict state behaviour, and maximizes their freedom (especially from state coercion).   It also limits the scope of state intervention in the affairs of the individual, and excludes legislation that can be aimed at a particular group of people.   Based on these premises, Libertarians would reject the Communitarian position for two reasons.   Firs t, the democratic principles behind Communitarians constitute a tyranny of the majority, since individual liberties would be subject to the values of the majority.   Mill, in particular, makes the explicit point of saying that freedom from social pressures is as important as freedom from the state.   In the Communitarian position, however, the state and social values are combined.   Second, Libertarians would argue that when law is used to enforce morality, it allows for the coercive power of the state to be used arbitrarily.   Again, this is problematic because a democracy could never fully guarantee individual liberties for its citizens. Based on these arguments, it is easy to think that Libertarians would disagree with my assessment of Mossap and Egan, but I disagree.   We have to remember that the Libertarian position does not give a person the right to do whatever he or she wants.   Their actions have to accord with certain guidelines.   Even the greatest proponents of moral relativism have set limits upon individual freedoms.   J.S. Mill, for example, writes the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.   So even Libertarians acknowledge that self-protection is a sufficient reason for the state to limit individual liberty.   For example, if a person plans to commit murder, Libertarians would justify the use of force to subdue him.   This is because he poses a threat to other a common ideal, i.e. the right to life.   The question we have to ask is:   What constitutes harm to others?   If we, as a society, did not value life, then we wouldnt mind when the occasional murder was committed.   But the fact that we do shows that murder goes against our public morality.   The communitarian position makes its appeal based on the same grounds.   In other words, if we can prove that homosexuality afflicts harm upon others, then we are justified in using the law to prohibit it.   It can be argued that where homosexuality is a threat to a common ideal, the law should be used to prohibit it.   We know that homosexuality does not pose a physical threat to us; rather, it threatens our community of ideas.   Our common morality is what keeps us together, as a society.   Without it, we, as a society, would cease to exist.   So when acts contrary to public morality spread, like homosexuality or incest, they threaten our societys very existence.   In these cases, the state is justified in enforcing morality on the basis of self-protection.   This does not mean that the law should be used to enforce all morality, or that homosexually should be legally banned in every country.   It just means that when a society shares a particular set of morals (which they consider essential to their survival), the state is completely justified in using law to enforce them.   Even if we accept an extreme moral relativist position such as the one presented by LHereux Dube in Mossap then we must also accept that the morality is nothing more than the general mood of a people at a particular time.   But if this is true, then there is no better law-making institution than the legislature, since it is they, not the judiciary, that embody the mood of the people.   And since the judges in Mossap and Egan based their rulings on what the legislature had intended by Acts, their decisions were based on public morality.   Based on this, I argue that the rulings in Mossap and Egan were completely in accordance with the principles of democracy. Let us summarize.   I have shown that Mossap and Egan dealt with more than just legal interpretation.   They question for the judges wasnt Should we reinterpret this law but .   Both judges concluded that if the people, as a collective, had condoned homosexuality, then Parliament should have enacted (or in this case, amended) the proper legislation.   But the fact that Parliament did not shows that public morality is still homophobic.   Both judges accepted their role as facilitators of the public will.   They would have been justified in interpreting the law in a way that the people, represented by the legislature, did not approve of.   The verdicts in Mossap and Egan served the will of the people.   If thats not democracy, I dont know what is. BIBLIOGRAPHY: David Dyzenhaus and Arthur Ripstein, eds.   Law and Morality:   Readings in Legal Philosophy.   (University of Toronto Press, 1996). 1 See Hobbes, Thomas.   For more details.

Walmart Company Analysis

Introduction Walmart is a private limited company that operates within the services sector. Since its establishment in 1962, Walmart has been focused on impacting the lives of consumers positively. It is estimated that the firm serves more than 200 million consumers every week through mobile devices, online and through retail outlets. In an effort to market its products to a large number of customers, the firm has adopted internationalization strategy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Walmart Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, Walmart operates in 27 different countries under 69 banners. Three quarters of its operations in the international market are under different banner other than Walmart. The firm has managed to develop a strong human resource base of 2.2 million worldwide. In 2012, the firm’s sales amounted to $444 (Walmart para. 1). In an effort to attain its profit maximization objective, Walmart deals with a wide range of consumer products such as general merchandise. The firm also deals with provision of a wide range of services. In the international market, Walmart offers a wide range of generic products and household products. The firm has achieved this through incorporation of the concept of product diversification. The wide range of products and services that the firm deals with have significantly contributed towards its financial success. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis on Walmart’s operations in the international market. This is attained by identifying what motivated the firm to enter into the international market, the challenges faced and the degree of success it has attained. The paper also illustrates a number of recommendations on what the firm could have done differently in order to improve its performance. International market entry Entering the international market is one of the ways thr ough which firms can achieve their profit maximization objective. However, firms face major challenges in their internationalization strategy. One of the major sources of these challenges is associated the business risk in the host country. Consequently, it is paramount for a firm to conduct a comprehensive country analysis in order to determine the degree of market risk. Additionally, the research will play an important role in determining the probability of succeeding. Decision to enter the various international markets was motivated by a number of factors. The first reason that motivated the firm’s management team to consider entering the market is the intense competition in the domestic market. Over the years, the US retail sector has continued to experience an increment in the intensity of competition. This has led to a decline in the sectors’ profitability potential. In an effort to attain its profit maximization objective, Walmart’s management team made a decision to venture into the international market. Walmart’s management team perceived that venturing into the international market would provide an opportunity for the firm to expand its operations (Walmart para. 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Modes of market entry In an effort to succeed in the international market, Walmart has adopted an aggressive market entry strategy. The objective of adopting this strategy is to enable the firm attain a high economies of scale. Considering the size of Walmart’s operation, the firm has been able to attain higher economies of scale (Rocha Luis 68). Walmart has entered different international markets such as Canada, Brazil and Japan. It is paramount for a firm to determine the most appropriate mode of entry in order to succeed. There are different modes of entry that Walmart has adopted in its internalizatio n effort. Some of these modes of entry include acquisition, mergers, partnership/joint ventures or starting green-field operations through foreign direct investment. In 1994, Walmart’s management team identified Canada as a market with a high market potential. After conducting a comprehensive market analysis, the firm’s management team decided to adopt acquisition mode of market entry. The acquisition strategy targeted Woolco Discount Stores which are owned by Woolworth Corporation. In its operation, Woolworth Corporation had managed to establish an effective network of Woolco stores in Canada. By 1994, the firm had a network of 142 discount stores. Walmart acquired 120 of Woolco stores. Over the past 18 years, Walmart has been very efficient in its Canadian market. Its success has arisen from establishment of new stores and remodeling the existing stores. Walmart ventured into the Brazilian retail sector in 1995. The firm adopted joint-venture mode of market entry whe n venturing into the Brazilian market (Rocha Luis 61). The firm’s management team identified Lojas Americanas as the potential joint-venture partners. Decision to select Lojas Americanas as its joint-venture partner arose from identification of the firm’s strength with regard to distribution and marketing. In its operation, Lojas Americanas has managed to establish itself as the largest discount store in Brazil. The firm is owned by Garantia Group (Rocha Luis 61). As a result of its strength with regard to retailing, Walmart has managed to be the dominant of the joint venture. It controls 60% of the total joint venture. As a result of the competitive nature of the Brazilian retail industry, the firm is increasingly adopting acquisition mode of market entry. From 1995, the firm has undertaken two major acquisitions. The acquisitions entailed that of Bompreco’s and Sonaes. In 2004 Walmart purchased 116 stores that were owned by Bompreco. In 2005, the firm acquir ed Sonae’s Distribution Group.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Walmart Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through these acquisitions, the firm has managed to improve its competitive advantage hence attaining a higher competitiveness. As a result of its aggressive expansion strategy, the firm has managed to grow from being a 2-brand firm to a 9-brand firm. Additionally, the firm has established multiple formats. As a result of the competitive nature of the Brazilian market, the firm has incorporated organic growth as one of its market leadership strategy. This has been has been attained by building new retail outlets from scratch in all the 18 federal districts in Brazil (Walmart para. 1). In line with its commitment to attaining its profit maximization objective, Walmart’s management team made a decision to enter the Asian market, the firm identified Japan as one of the Asia n markets with the highest market potential. After a thorough market research, the firm entered the Japanese market in 2002. In its market entry, the firm adopted the concept of partnership. On 15th March 2002, the firm entered into a partnership agreement with Seiyu Limited. Walmart purchased 6.1% of Seiyu Limited Share in an effort to gain foothold. Decision to adopt partnership market strategy arose from the fact that the Japanese market has been very challenging. Most foreign firms which have ventured into the industry have failed. By partnering with Seiyu Limited, the firm was able to avoid possible challenges that would have caused it to fail. Partnering with Seiyu significantly increased Walmart’s change of success. Business strategy and market strategy Formulation and implementation of an effective business strategy is vital in the success of every organization. The business strategy adopted determines the success of the firm in its performance relative to other firms . To effectively position itself in the Canadian market, Walmart adopted the low-cost strategy. This strategy entails offering goods and services to customers at the lowest cost possible relative to its competitors. The low cost may emanate from a number of factors such as improved operational efficiency.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Adoption of a low-cost strategy is a challenge to most firms. This arises from the fact that the firm should have a strong capital base in addition to providing a wide range of products so as to meet the customer’s needs. The firm has implemented the low cost strategy by offering its products and services at a low cost relative to other firms in the supply chain. In its Canadian market, Walmart intends to be the price leader in the retail sector. To increase its customer base, Walmart has adopted low cost strategy as its business strategy. Decision to adopt this strategy in Brazil was motivated by the need to attain a high level of international sales growth. The firm has implemented the low cost strategy by offering its products and services at a relatively low price level compared to its competitors. By adopting this strategy, it is the firm’s objective that it will sufficiently differentiate itself from its competitors. Walmart has continuously adopted the low cost strategy as its business and marketing strategy. When entering the Japanese market, the firm adopted the same strategy. Over the years, the firm has continuously offered its products at a relatively low price point compared to its competitors. Some of the firm’s main competitors in Japan include 7-Eleven Japan Company Limited and Ito-Yokado Company Limited. As a result of the intense competition in the Canadian retail industry, Walmart has incorporated the market leadership as its market strategy. Decision to adopt this strategy has emanated from the need to derive a high competitive advantage relative to its competitors by being a one-stop shopping destination. To achieve this, Walmart has focused on two main aspects which include physical expansion and gaining sufficient market share. In 2012, Walmart has allocated $ 753 for its expansion purposes. The budgetary allocation has been effected prior to entry of Target Corporation, a US based company into Canada. In its expansi on to the Canadian market, Target Corporation intends to establish approximately 135 stores. However, the rapid expansion being undertaken by Walmart will contribute towards the firm countering the competition that will emanate from Target’s entry. The resultant effect is that Walmart will improve its competitive edge. In addition to establishing new stores in various locations in Canada, the firm will also undertake remodeling of its existing stores. Through this investment, Wamart will have increased its retail stores to more than 375 retail outlets by January 2013 (McKinnon para. 1). Currently, Walmart is ranked as the fastest growing firm in the retail sector with regard to general-merchandize and grocery sector (Walmart, 2012). Similarly, Walmart has adopted market leadership strategy. The firm has attained this by adopting different formats such as establishment of supercenters and Sam’s Club sores. Upon its entry, Walmart had only established 5 retail outlets, 2 Supercenters and 3 Sam’s Clubs. However, the firm has over the years embarked on a rapid expansion campaign. Currently, the firm operates more than 512 units. To meet its customer’s demand, the firm has adopted the concept of product mix. It is estimated that the firm supplies more than offers more than 50,000 consumer products such as food products, apparels and sporting products. This has made the firm to be a unique retailer in the Brazilian market because there is no other retailer who offers such a wide range of products in the country. Reasons for market entry There are different reasons that motivated Walmart to venture into the international market. One of the factors that the firm’s management team considered in venturing in the Brazilian and Canadian market is that the market was not saturated. Consequently, the firm would have been in position to increase its market share hence attaining its high sales objective (Rocha Luis 61). Decision to venture into the Japanese and the Canadian markets arose from the fact that the country has a substantial population (McKinnon para. 1). Consequently, the size of the market was relatively high. Additionally, the firm’s entry into Brazil and Japan was also necessitated by the high rate of economic growth being experienced in Japan and Brazil. Currently, Brazil is one of the countries has is considered to be an emerging economy in within the Latin America (Rocha Luis 61). Over the years, the three economies have continued to experience substantial economic growth. As a result, the consumers have experienced an increment in their purchasing power. Walmart identified the increment in consumer purchasing power in these economies as an opportunity to increase its sales revenue. Challenges experienced in the international market Operating in the international market presents numerous challenges that organizations have to deal with. In its Japanese market, Walmart has continued to face num erous cultural challenges. The culture of a country has a significant impact on the consumer’s purchasing patterns. Consequently, it is vital for firms intending to venture into the international market to conduct a comprehensive cultural analysis. This will aid in determining the degree of fit. Conducting cultural analysis is also vital because it enables a firm’s management team to adjust its business and market strategies (). In its Brazilian market, Walmart did not have sufficient knowledge regarding the tastes and preferences of the customers. In Brazil, Walmart established a number of Sam’s Clubs. However, Brazilian consumers have not adopted the culture of paying for membership fees. Additionally, they have not adopted the culture of purchasing in large volumes. In order to fit in this culture, Walmart was faced with a major challenge of ensuring that it fit in the Brazilian culture (Rocha Luis 68). The firm’s management team expected that the Jap anese would adapt Walmart’s culture. This is a major challenge because firms are required to adapt into the foreign culture in their internationalization strategy. The Japanese have a unique culture. Consequently, it was paramount for Walmart to customize its stores in accordance with the Japanese culture. The Japanese are not used to purchasing their supplies from large stores. Additionally, purchasing fresh produce rather than packaged products is a culture that is strongly entrenched within the Japanese culture. However, Walmart has not adequately specialized in the provision of fresh product. In an effort to attract a large number of customers, Walmart has continuously adopted low cost strategy as its business strategy. However, Japanese interpret high price to mean high quality. Therefore, most Japanese perceive high price to translate to value for their money. This is well illustrated by the fact that the Japanese purchase 40% of the total global luxury products annuall y. These cultural misunderstandings have adversely affected Walmart’s ability to succeed in the Japanese market. Despite its effort to venture the Japanese market through Seiyu Limited, Walmart has not been successful. This is due to the fact that Seiyu has drastically been overtaken by its competitors in the Japanese market such as 7-Eleven Company Limited. Over the years, these firms have continued to adhere to Japanese culture which has significantly contributed towards their success. The firm’s success in the international market is well illustrated by the fact that it has managed to establish numerous retail outlets. Additionally, the firm has continued to sustain a large human resource base of more than 2.2 million employees. This shows that Wal-Mart has adopted effective human resource management strategies. Conclusion and recommendations The analysis has shown that Walmart has been very committed towards attaining success in the international market. This is we ll illustrated by the fact that it has incorporated different modes of international market entry. Decision to adopt different mode of market entry arose from recognition of the fact that markets vary across countries. Additionally, its success in these markets is well illustrated by the fact that it has continued to dominate the retail sector. Despite this, existence of cultural differences is one of the major challenges that Walmart faced in its internationalization efforts. Recommendations To succeed in the international market, it is paramount for the firm to take into account the following. The firm should conduct a comprehensive market research in order to understand the prevailing market conditions. The research should focus on both the consumers and the competitors. Walmart should undertake a comprehensive cultural analysis prior to venturing the international market. Its failure in conducting cultural analysis is illustrated by the challenges it is facing in Japan. This wi ll play an important role with regard to formulation of business and market strategy. For example, identification of cultural differences affecting the consumer’s purchasing patterns should inform the firm on the most appropriate business and market strategy to adopt. The firm’s management team should continuously review its business and market strategies in order to determine their success. Such reviews will play an important role in the firm’s success because it will be able to adjust appropriately. The firm should not adopt its low cost strategy in all the market it enters. However, it is vital for the firm to incorporate other strategies such as differentiation. Reference List McKinnon, Judy. Walmart to invest $753 million to expand Canadian operations. 7 Feb. 2012. Web. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204136404577208741637794700 Rocha, Angela and Dib Luis. â€Å"The entry of Walmart in Brazil and the competitive responses of multinational and domestic firms†. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management. 30. 2(2002): 61-74. Emerald. Web. Walmart: Our locations, Canada 2012. Web. https://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/locations/canada Walmart: Our story 2012. Web. https://corporate.walmart.com/our-story This research paper on Walmart Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Kara Stanton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.